What is leptospirosis primarily caused by?

Leptospirosis is primarily caused by Leptospira bacteria, which belong to a genus of spirochete bacteria. These bacteria are typically found in water or soil that has been contaminated with the urine of infected animals, such as rodents, livestock, and wildlife. Leptospira can enter the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin, as well as through the mucous membranes, leading to a range of symptoms in both animals and humans.

Understanding the role of Leptospira in this disease is crucial for prevention and treatment strategies, as it highlights the importance of managing water sources and controlling rodent populations in environments where leptospirosis might be a risk. The other options listed are associated with different types of infections or diseases; for example, Escherichia coli is known for causing gastrointestinal illnesses, Salmonella is commonly linked to foodborne illnesses, and Campylobacter is also primarily associated with gastroenteritis. Each of these bacteria affects the body in different ways and does not cause leptospirosis.