What term describes the large convex articular surface found on the ends of long bones?

The term that describes the large convex articular surface found on the ends of long bones is "condyle." This structure is specifically designed to articulate with another bone, allowing for smooth movement within a joint. Condyles are typically rounded and help distribute weight across the joint. They are crucial for maintaining joint stability and facilitating a range of motion.

In the context of the other terms: a foramen refers to an opening or hole in a bone, which serves as a passage for nerves and blood vessels; pneumatic describes bones that contain air-filled spaces, which are not related to the articulation of long bones; and sesamoid bones are small, round bones that are embedded within tendons, primarily serving to protect tendons from stress and wear. Therefore, understanding that a condyle has a specific anatomical role focused on articulation helps clarify its distinction from these other terms.